Hornets are large, social wasps belonging to the genus Vespa. They are known for their aggressive nature and painful stings. With their robust bodies, broad heads, and powerful mandibles, hornets are among the most formidable flying insects. Their coloration varies by species, but many have yellow, orange, and black patterns, serving as a warning to predators. Hornets live in highly organized colonies, with a caste system that includes a queen, workers, and drones. The queen establishes the nest in early spring, laying eggs that hatch into larvae, which then develop into worker hornets. These workers take over the nest-building and foraging duties while the queen continues to lay eggs. By late summer, the colony reaches its peak, housing hundreds to thousands of hornets. Hornet nests are made of a paper-like substance, created by chewing wood fibers mixed with their saliva. These nests are often built in trees, attics, sheds, or underground cavities. Unlike bees, hornets can sting multiple times without dying, injecting venom that causes intense pain and allergic reactions in some individuals. While hornets help control pest populations by feeding on other insects, they can become highly aggressive if their nest is disturbed. Their powerful sting, swarming behavior, and ability to spray venom make them dangerous pests when they establish nests near human activity. Controlling hornet populations is necessary to prevent painful stings and potential allergic reactions.